Nepalact-Z Eye Drop is an ophthalmic anti-inflammatory formulation used for the management of pain, redness, and inflammation in various eye conditions. It is a combination preparation that typically contains Nepafenac 0.1% w/v and Zinc Sulphate 0.1% w/v. The two components work together to provide both anti-inflammatory action and ocular astringent benefits. This combination is commonly used in inflammatory eye conditions, postoperative eye discomfort, and irritation caused by allergens or environmental factors.

Nepafenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) specifically designed for ocular use. It is a prodrug that gets rapidly converted into its active metabolite, Amfenac, by ocular tissue hydrolases once instilled into the eye. Amfenac inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, which are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a major role in mediating inflammation, pain, vascular permeability, swelling, and redness. By reducing prostaglandin formation, nepafenac helps decrease ocular inflammation, photophobia, and pain associated with post-operative conditions and inflammatory eye diseases.

Zinc Sulphate is included for its local astringent and soothing properties. It works by precipitating proteins on the surface of mucous membranes, which leads to decreased secretion, reduced irritation, and improved comfort in inflammatory conditions. Zinc also possesses mild antiseptic properties, contributing to maintaining ocular hygiene and reducing discomfort induced by irritants. Its presence in the formulation enhances relief from burning, watery discharge, and conjunctival irritation.

Nepalact-Z Eye Drop is commonly indicated in conditions such as postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery, allergic or irritant conjunctivitis, nonspecific eye inflammation, and ocular surface irritation. The dual mechanism—NSAID activity from nepafenac and astringent action from zinc—helps address multiple components of inflammation such as redness, swelling, pain, and excessive tearing.

In terms of pharmacokinetics, nepafenac penetrates the cornea efficiently due to its lipophilic prodrug nature. Once absorbed, it is converted into amfenac in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and retina. Amfenac then exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the COX pathway. Its anti-inflammatory activity begins within a few hours of administration and continues with repeated dosing. Systemic exposure from topical use is minimal. Zinc sulphate remains largely on the ocular surface and acts locally, undergoing gradual elimination through tears.

The formulation of Nepalact-Z Eye Drop is a sterile aqueous suspension or solution, depending on the manufacturer. Nepafenac, being a suspension-based molecule, may appear slightly opaque and requires gentle shaking before use to ensure uniformity. The solution is packed in a sterile LDPE bottle with a controlled-flow dropper tip to deliver precise dosing. The formulation is buffered to maintain a pH compatible with the ocular surface.

Common side effects associated with Nepalact-Z may include mild and temporary sensations such as stinging, burning, discomfort, or a foreign-body sensation immediately after instillation. Some individuals may notice mild redness, transient blurred vision, or watery eyes. Because nepafenac is an NSAID, rare reactions such as corneal epithelial issues may occur in sensitive individuals. Zinc may occasionally cause slight dryness or tightening sensations on the ocular surface due to its astringent properties.

The product is typically stored in a cool, dry place at room temperature and protected from direct light. The bottle should remain tightly closed to maintain sterility and stability of the formulation.